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From [e-mail]  Thu May  4 20:49:14 1995
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1995
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TELECOM Digest     Thu, 4 May 95 17:50:00 CDT    Volume 15 : Issue 223

Inside This Issue:                          Editor: Patrick A. Townson

    The Quality of TELECOM Digest (James E. Bellaire)
    Re: RBOC IP Legislation Scaring Local ISPs? (Tim Gorman)
    Re: International Telephone Number Length - Maximum Allowed (Richard
Cox)
    Re: International Telephone Number Length - Maximum Allowed (E.
Rohwedder)
    Re: Cross-Border Local Calls (Mark J. Cuccia)
    Detroit, MI, USA to Winsor, ON, CA Calls (James E. Bellaire)
    Re: Detect/Prevent Third-Party Calls (Alex Madarasz)
    Re: New Country Code 380 For Ukraine (Tor-Einar Jarnbjo)
    Cell Phones vs Pacemakers (Michael J. Kuras)
    Advice Needed About Answering Service (Brian D. Petro)
    Book Review: "Computer and Communications Security" by Cooper (Rob
Slade)
    Looking For Information on a Mux/De-Mux Device (Russell Ochocki)
    What's R2 Signalling on Switch? (Yee-Lee Shyong)
    Job Posting: Telephone Network Design Engineer (Jorge D. Salinger)

TELECOM Digest is an electronic journal devoted mostly but not
exclusively to telecommunications topics. It is circulated anywhere
there is email, in addition to various telecom forums on a variety of
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Subscriptions are available to qualified organizations and individual
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The Digest is edited, published and compilation-copyrighted by Patrick
Townson of Skokie, Illinois USA. You can reach us by postal mail, fax
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*   TELECOM Digest is partially funded by a grant from the
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* International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in Geneva, Switzerland
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* under the aegis of its Telecom Information Exchange Services (TIES)
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* ing views of the ITU.
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Additionally, the Digest is funded by gifts from generous readers such
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All opinions expressed herein are deemed to be those of the author. Any
organizations listed are for identification purposes only and messages
should not be considered any official expression by the organization.
----------------------------------------------------------------------



I believe we are coming to a point in TELECOM Digest's evolution,
along with the evolution of the Internet and Usenet, that there is too
much information available at too little cost.  New users are swarming
onto the net with a cheap commercial connection or a university
supplied educational connection without understanding the history of
the forums they invade.

Reading all the way back to beginning with Volume 1, I sense that the
friendly exchange of information between peers is changing to a
information on demand environment.  There are far more blank requests
for any information or any statistics or any facts available and far
less real problems or complaints.

I worked in a college computer lab this past year and watched
frustrated students not find information on the internet.  Then,
reading one of those 'Internet How To" books the read that they should
post to a newsgroup.  My college doesn't have a news server so they
can't do that (yet) but a lot of the references I've pulled up in
Veronica and other searches are to QUESTIONS and not ANSWERS.

I enjoy reading the 'How to' books and would suggest every new user be
required to read one or two.  John Levine (a TD regular) has written
the 'Internet fo Dummies' series, which includes instructions to check
the FAQ before posting.  I wish more people were listening.  There are
also other information search techniques than posting to usenet.  Like
calling the local business office of the phone company or visiting a
good library.

BTW: The number one question in the labs is how to find a friend's
internet address.  I always quote Mr. Levine, "CALL OR WRITE THE
FRIEND AND ASK."  The Internet is not a replacement for other research,
it is a suppliment.

Pat, if you do continue to publish student requests and answers PLEASE
make the subject count.  Add the word "question" or some other phrase
to let people know that the answer is not in that posting.  I've seen
too many answer looking subjects that just point to a question.

Summary for students:

  Before logging onto the Internet - CHECK LOCAL SOURCES.
  Before posting to any group      - READ THE FAQ.
  Before writing your post         - READ THE BACK ISSUES.
  Before doing any of the above    - READ A GOOD 'HOW TO' BOOK.

Thank you for your bandwidth .....


James E. Bellaire (JEB6)  [e-mail]
Twin Kings Communications  -  Sturgis, MI

------------------------------



[e-mail] (jason t. adams) writes in TELECOM Digest V15 #216:

>> Is this concern over potential competition from telcos to local
>> internet service providers warranted?

> The telcos not only have economies of scale, but they don't have to
> pay extra for leased line connections to internet sources, etc.  They
> OWN the lines.  That makes me think that it would be very easy (with a
> little software investment) to provide slightly cheaper access.

I feel I need to correct this perception that since the telco "owns"
facilities that their use is "free" and they don't have to "pay extra"
to use them. They are most certainly not free. They represent a
capital investment by shareholders and therefore a return on the
investment MUST be earned at a minimum. In fact, if shareholder
investment is to not be diluted, these facilities must contribute at
exactly the same level as those sold "externally". It is, therefore,
imperative that all costs including "contribution" associated with
these facilities be included in the price of any service that uses
them.

I think you will find that MOST of the telco's advantages ARE from
economies of scale and from an ability to maintain high levels of
utilization so that equipment is earning ALL of the time.

Regarding the telco's:

> In my opinion, though, I think they will do a bang-up job.

Gee, I hope you are right!  :-)

------------------------------



[e-mail] (David E A Wilson) said:

> when you add the four digit carrier selection code plus the four digit
> international access code to the twelve digit UK number the equipment
> could not handle it.

UK national numbers are (maximum) ten digits, (minimum) eight digits.
Prefixed by 0044, that makes fourteen digits to dial.  Even with a
four digit prefix, no more than eighteen digits.  If you had been in
North America, you would have dialled 01144 for the UK and have a five
(soon seven) digit prefix before that.  North American callers will
need to dial 22 digits when the new seven-digit prefixes arrive.

> What is the maximum length for an international number (country code
> plus area code + local number)?

At the moment twelve digits (excluding local access and international
prefices); this will change on 1/1/97 to sixteen digits.  Many phone
companies seem unaware of, and unprepared for, this international
change.

> Is there a list of how long each country's numbers are?

There probably would be, if it didn't keep changing! No doubt PAT has
something in the archives but by definition it cannot be completely up
to date.  Did *you* know all five digit numbers in Andorra had recently
been prefixed with an "8", and the country code changed to +376?
Neither
did a lot of people!

> Is it just the UK or are we going run into the same problem on other
> calls

The longest numbers are apparently in Germany: they now break the 12-
digit
rule, and therefore some people in the USA have difficulty reaching the
longest numbers! (In practice these are nearly all on DDI PABX lines.)

If you can handle German numbers you shouldn't have any other problems
(except paying for the calls!)


Richard D G Cox

Mandarin Technology, PO Box 111, Penarth, South Glamorgan CF64 3YG
Voice: 0956 700111;    Fax: [phone];    VoiceMail: 0941 151515
e-mail address: [e-mail]; PGP2.6 public key on request

------------------------------



One limitation that was discussed here in July '93 is that -- from the
US at least -- an international call may not have more than 12 digits,
e.g. dialing the following number in Germany:

     011 +49 6131 XXX 4555

results after some time in a short beep and then a busy signal.

On the other hand:

     011 +49 6131 XXX 450

works just fine.

An AT&T technician told me then that local U.S. exchanges only have
the capacity to store 12-digit numbers (i.e. in my case +49 6131 XXX
455). This turns out to be an illegal phone number in Germany, which
causes a congest signal to be sent back to the US (the beep), which
then is turned into a busy signal here.  If you have a 13 digit
(including country code) phone number, you cannot be reached through
direct dial from a local exchange in the United States!!  (As I was
told there are 13-digit numbers currently in Germany, Austria, and the
Chech Republic.)

Readers of the Digest had more to say about the international numbering
scheme --- I just quote two of them:


   ITU-T (Formerly CCITT) Recommendation E.164 on telecommunications
   numbering specifies that the maximum length of an international
   number be 12 digits, consisting of a one, two, or three digit
   country code, and a national significant number of any length such
   that the length of the country code plus the national significant
   number not exeed 12 digits. [...]

   The CCITT (now ITU-TSS) has recommended an expansion of international
   numbers from 12 to 15 digits at what they call "Time T", defined as
   December 31, 1996.  As of that date, all switches should be able to
   handle international numbers of up to 15 digits in length.  Before
that
   time, 12 is the maximum.


   [...] In most places outside North America the length isn't really
   a problem because calls are routed incrementally and, except in the
   fanciest new electronic exchanges, the whole number is never
   buffered in one place.  Here in North America, we use 11 digit
   numbers as the Lord told us to [...]

------------------------------



I don't know if El Paso, TX, USA and Cd.Juarez, Chihuahua, MEXICO ever
had cross-border LOCAL, however El Paso was able to DIAL across the Rio
Grande for many years. It MIGHT have been possible for ANYONE with DDD
access in the US/Canada to DIAL to Cd.Juarez even BEFORE we had IDDD
dialing to Mexico (011/01+ 52 + eight digits).

This was NOT done by using that special NPA 903 nor that 'patch' NPA of
70-6.  Cd.Juarez has had a city code beginning with '1' for over at
least
25 years.

According to El Paso Area directories in the 1970's, El Paso and nearby
Texas customers called Juarez by dialing 1+ (or 0+) 32 + the five digits
(at that time) number of Juarez; Customers in nearby US state of
New Mexico could dial Juarez by dialing 1+ (or 0+) 915 + 32 + the five
digit number.  There WAS (and still is) a TOLL.

During this time period, there were NO assignments of any 915-32X
central
office codes to any other towns in the 915/southwest corner of Texas.

These dialing instructions were discontinued at sometime in the 80's -
full international dialing instructions were required (011/01+ 52+).

The 915-32X codes have since been assigned to Texas towns in the
915/southwest corner of Texas.

Some other Texas phone books for Rio Grande areas DID (and probably
still
DO) have a section with listings for towns in nearby Mexico, but I don't
ever remember DIAL instructions (If there WERE any instructions, it was
to dial the operator).

Whenever Mexico towns/listings are included in any California, Arizona,
New-Mexico or Texas directories, there is either a copyright notice or a
disclaimer which states 'Telefonos de Mexico, S.A.'


Mark

------------------------------



In the past couple of weeks there was a discussion about calling
between countries as a local call.  Our Esteemed Moderator (I like to
call him Pat) asked about Detroit to Windsor calls.

The information I have (from the "Downriver Area White/Ywllow Pages"
serving Southwestern Wayne County) shows local calls within Detroit
and the communities to the south, with zone calls to the northern
suburbs (now in NPA 810).  Seven digit dialing within the area code
with 1+NPA for Long Distance "calls that are not local or zone calls."
Prices are given for LD calls within the LATA but the cost of local
and zone calls are not shown.

None of the Windsor, Ontario, Canada exchanges are listed as either
local or zone in any of the Detroit areas shown.  IF there is any
local international calling it is not shown in this phone book.  Looks
like it's up to the IXCs to make the connections and set the rates.

Windsor is not a suburb of Detroit.  Its a very nice community with a
completely different atmosphere, a New England feel compared to
Detroit's city-of-crime feel.  I feel safer walking downtown Chicago
after midnight than visiting Detroit during the day.  I can see why
connecting calls would be international and not long distance.


James E. Bellaire (JEB6)  [e-mail]
Twin Kings Communications  -  Sturgis, MI

------------------------------



In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail]
(Steven White) writes:

>> I just had two AT&T long-distance calls charged to my number, and had
to
>> call AT&T to have them removed -- AT&T isn't my long-distance
provider.

>> [TELECOM Digest Editor's Note: You can prevent it from happening with
a
>> slight bit of inconvenience to yourself, but it may be worth it. Find
>> out of your local telco offers 'billed number screening'. This is a

Thanks to all the helpful folks who replied to my original post.  My
Bell Atlantic rep added FREE third-party and collect call blocking to my
account while she was getting me a new unlisted and unpublished number.

> Southern Bell in N.C. charges $10.25 for this change in service ...

> How about requiring Ma Bell to reimburse AT&T for any future
> fraudulent charges?  Seems to me they are bordering on being an
> accessory.

I too would get mighty angry in the case where a local telco charges
someone for a service which prevents "illegal" calls of this type --
it's
kinda hard for me to be sympathetic about a practice which encourages
(by
omission of responsibility) these kind of fraudulent charges.


Alex P. Madarasz, Jr. - Hughes Training, Inc. - [e-mail]

------------------------------


╖_




Clive D.W. Feather ([e-mail]) wrote:

> Oops, almost forgot. Apart from the 31 cases I listed before, there
are
> eight territories with no international code that I know of:

>     Bouvet Island [Norway]
>     Svalbard & Jan Mayen Islands [Norway]

(others edited out here)

As there are no permanent residents on the Bouvet Island, I don't
beleive there are any need for a country-code there.  I beleive the
same applies to Jan Mayen, but numbers on Svalbard are put into the
Norwegian number-scheme, and are +47 79 5x xx xx. Since calls to
theese are treated and charged as regular domestic calls in Norway
(about $0,12 per minute daytime from the mainland) it shouldn't be
necessary to assign a country-code for Svalbard.


Tor-Einar Jarnbjo, [e-mail]

------------------------------



The Wireless Technology Group says studies show that in some cases
cellular phones placed near the chest can cause pacemakers to
recalibrate themselves or stop and restart.  The advisory group warns
that new digital pocketphones are of particular concern -- especially
since their numbers are likely to proliferate once personal
communications
services are widespread.  No such effects from the older analog
cellular phones have been observed.  A spokesman for Medtronic, a
pacemaker supplier, says the company is advising patients with
pacemakers to turn off their portable phones when the phone is in a
shirt pocket, to hold the phone 10 to 12 inches from the chest when
using it, and to hold the phone to the ear opposite the side where the
pacemaker's implanted.  (Wall Street Journal 4/28/95 B1) [...]


EDUPAGE is what you've just finished reading.  To subscribe to Edupage:
send
a message to: [e-mail] and in the body of the message type:
subscribe edupage Ted Williams (assuming that your name is Ted Williams;
if
it isn't, substitute your own name).  ......

michael j kuras              [e-mail]

------------------------------



I am very seriously considering the idea of starting a business from
my home selling voice-mail boxes.  As I have never been in the
business, I am looking for advice from someone who has.

I am planning on targeting the residential market.  I live in a town
of 40,000.  I would only be charging $5/month for a basic service box.
My major competition would be our local telephone company who charges
$6.5/month.  My question is this: Would there be enough interest in
voice-mail from residential clients to keep my business profitable?

It seems to me that it would be fairly easy to add 100+ customers/year
to
my service, but I would like the opinion of someone "in the business."
Please E-mail any responses.


Thanks in advance,

Brian Petro

------------------------------



BKCPCMSC.RVW   950320

"Computer & Communications Security", James Arlin Cooper, 1989, 0-07-
012926-6
%A   James Arlin Cooper
%C   2600 Tenth St., Berkeley, CA   94710
%D   1989
%G   0-07-012926-6
%I   McGraw-Hill Communications Series
%O   510-548-2805 800-227-0900 [e-mail]
%P   411
%T   "Computer & Communications Security"

This is a textbook for a security course.  It has a good breadth of
coverage
in theoretical areas.  There are problems and ethical dilemmae at the
end of
each chapter.  The bibliographic references are a bit dated.

The author is obviously unused to practical security considerations:
social engineering is never mentioned.  An engineering background
shows through: there is a lot of math, including a theoretical basis
for "doppler" detection of intruders (motion).  The coverage of
"hackers" and software threats indicates a heavy influence from the
popular press and no real understanding of the issues.


copyright Robert M. Slade, 1995   BKCPCMSC.RVW   950320. Distribution
permitted in TELECOM Digest and associated publications. Rob Slade's
book reviews are a regular feature in the Digest.


Vancouver      [e-mail]
Institute for  [e-mail]
Research into  Rob.Slade@f733.n153.z1/
User                      .fidonet.org
Security       Canada V7K 2G6

------------------------------



I'm looking for a device that will multiplex many phone lines into a
smaller number of lines.  For example, Northern Telecomm's Northstar
616 allows you to have 6 incoming phone lines and have up to 16
stations in your place of business.  But, you can only have at most 6
incoming calls at once.  Is there a similar device that given the 6/16
line split you could have all 16 local stations in use at the same
time?


Russell Ochocki      Gate West Communications
[e-mail]   204-663-2931

------------------------------



Originally, I only heard about TR-008 or TR-303 for signaling
specification between Digital Loop Carrier(DLC) and Local Digital
Switch (LDS). But somebody tols me that R2 signaling is also popular on
LDS. Can someone out there tell me what it is? Where I can find this
document describibg R2? Who published that material?


Best regards,

Apollo Shyong

------------------------------



                     POSITION POSTING

DATE:          5/4/95
POSITION:      Telephone Network Design Engineer
REPORTS TO:    Director of Digital Services Networking
LOCATION:      Coudersport, PA

RESPOND TO:    Maria Bliss
               5 West Third Street
               Coudersport, PA  16915
               Requisition #CC5189

DUTIES/RESPONSIBILITIES:

1.   Design and implement telephone network systems and
     services over broadband cable plants.
2.   Evaluate customer and company needs and design telephone
     network systems and services to meet those needs.
3.   Perform research, analysis and interviews necessary to
     select appropriate trends, technologies, and vendors.
4.   Plan and implement systems and services according to
     customer time frames.
5.   Perform installation and testing of systems services and
     coordinate such installation and testing processes with
     customers, vendors, and subordinates.
6.   Provide training to customers, subordinates and local
     personnel when required on the use, troubleshooting and
     repair of telephone network systems and services as
     applicable.
7.   Assure the proper completion of projects on a timely and
     effective basis.
8.   Inform the Director of Digital Services Networking of
     progress and problems as necessary.
9.   In the role of supervisor, direct, evaluate and motivate
     subordinates.
10.  Perform other related duties and tasks as assigned or as
     become evident.

EXPERIENCE/SKILLS REQUIRED:

1.   A Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering or
     computer science, or the equivalent in other
     education/experience, is required. A Master's degree in
     a related field is preferred.
2.   Must have at least 3 years of experience in design of
     telephone network systems.
3.   Proven knowledge of POTS and ISDN telephone network
     architectures, PBX systems and multiplexing and
     channelizing techniques is required.
4.   Experience in the design of CATV systems and SONET and
     ATM networks is desired.
5.   Must be a skilled technical writer.
6.   Must be able to keep a regular schedule of daylight
     business hours and accept extended schedules that result
     form travel. Must be able to travel extensively by
     automobile and/or airplane to attend the company's
     business.
7.   Bending, reaching, lifting up to 25 lbs., and climbing
     of step ladders up to 8 feet in height is required.

NOTE: Successful applicant must pass drug/alcohol test, physical
examination, and criminal record check.

Resumes will be accepted until the position is filled.

  "ADELPHIA IS AN EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER"

------------------------------

End of TELECOM Digest V15 #223
******************************